Thomas Hobbes: 'In the state of nature profit is the measure of right.'

In the state of nature profit is the measure of right.

The quote by Thomas Hobbes, 'In the state of nature profit is the measure of right,' reflects his perspective on the fundamental principles that govern human behavior in the absence of societal structure. Summarily, Hobbes suggests that individuals in their natural state seek profit as the ultimate measure of what is right or just. This notion holds significance as it unveils a foundational aspect of human nature that drives our actions and interactions. However, to delve deeper into the philosophical aspects of this concept, we can introduce a contrasting perspective: utilitarianism.Hobbes' statement highlights the inherent self-interest and competitive nature of humans when thrust into a state of nature, bereft of any social or political institutions. It implies that in such a raw environment, where individuals exist independently, survival and self-preservation become paramount. Consequently, one's actions are motivated primarily by personal gain or profit. This interpretation underscores the instinctive drive in humans to maximize their own benefits, even if it comes at the expense of others.Introducing the concept of utilitarianism, we encounter an unexpected philosophical framework that diverges from Hobbes' perspective. Utilitarianism, originated by philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, espouses the notion that ethical decisions should be based on the maximization of overall happiness or utility for the greatest number of people. This theory puts forth the idea that what is right or just is determined by the ultimate outcome of an action.While Hobbes maintains that profit is the measure of right, utilitarianism presents a contrasting viewpoint that places the communal welfare at the forefront. It puts emphasis on the collective happiness rather than the individual gain. In contrast to the state of nature, where individuals vie for personal advantage, utilitarianism emphasizes the importance of considering the broader consequences of our actions on society as a whole.The juxtaposition of these two perspectives allows us to delve into the intricacies of human ethics. Hobbes' view reveals the foundational instincts that drive human interaction, while utilitarianism introduces a more compassionate and empathetic approach. It prompts us to question whether acting solely in pursuit of personal profit is truly a just and ethical approach, or if considering the well-being of others should play a more prominent role in our decision-making.Furthermore, exploring the complexities of this philosophical debate sheds light on the importance of a societal contract and the formation of a governing structure. As Hobbes suggests, the 'state of nature' presents an environment of chaos and perpetual conflict, where everyone is presumed to be in a constant state of war against one another. In contrast, utilitarianism highlights the benefits of social cooperation and mutual consideration.Ultimately, Hobbes' quote, 'In the state of nature profit is the measure of right,' opens the door to a thought-provoking contemplation on the nature of morality and the role of self-interest within ethical decision-making. It highlights the individualistic tendency of humans in a state of nature while inviting us to examine alternative perspectives, such as utilitarianism, which prioritize the collective happiness and overall well-being of society. This exploration of contrasting philosophies grants us an opportunity to reflect on our own moral compass and consider how personal gain and communal welfare intertwine in our understanding of what is right and just in the complex world we inhabit.