Otto von Bismarck: 'All treaties between great states cease to be binding when they come in conflict with the struggle for existence.'

All treaties between great states cease to be binding when they come in conflict with the struggle for existence.

In the world of international relations, treaties play a crucial role in maintaining peace, stability, and cooperation among nations. However, the quote by Otto von Bismarck, "All treaties between great states cease to be binding when they come in conflict with the struggle for existence," challenges the commonly held belief in the sanctity of agreements between powerful nations. This quote encapsulates a deep understanding of the dynamics of power and the primacy of survival in shaping the actions and behaviors of nations. While treaties, by their nature, are meant to foster cooperation and resolve conflicts peacefully, Bismarck's statement highlights the harsh reality that when faced with existential threats, states are often compelled to prioritize their survival over the commitments they have made.At first glance, Bismarck's quote might appear cynical and even nihilistic, suggesting that international agreements are disposable tools that lose their relevance when confronted with the struggle for existence. However, delving deeper into the meaning of this quote unveils an unexpected philosophical concept that warrants exploration – the balance between justice and survival in the realm of international affairs.The struggle for existence, as Bismarck articulated, refers to the inherent, instinctive drive for self-preservation that all states possess. It represents the sobering understanding that, ultimately, nations will prioritize their own survival above any treaty or commitment. This struggle recognizes that international relations are not governed solely by the principles of justice or moral obligations, but rather by an unwavering pursuit of national interests and security.In the realm of international politics, this struggle for existence manifests in numerous ways. When a nation's security is threatened, whether through military aggression, economic instability, or social unrest, it can be argued that the treaties they have entered into will inevitably be compromised. The fundamental need to protect their citizens and safeguard their country may lead states to reassess their commitments and adjust their actions accordingly.Yet, despite the temptation to dismiss Bismarck's quote as a justification for the abandonment of obligations, it is necessary to consider the delicate balance between survival and justice. Treaties are designed to foster cooperation and maintain order, particularly in times of peace and stability. They provide a framework for resolving disputes without resorting to armed conflict, ensuring that the struggle for existence does not degenerate into an all-out struggle for supremacy.By introducing the concept of justice amid the struggle for existence, we confront a fundamental tension at the heart of international relations. On one hand, survival instincts drive nations to prioritize their own interests, potentially jeopardizing the principles of justice and cooperation enshrined in treaties. On the other hand, the pursuit of justice and the establishment of shared norms and values foster stability and serve as a counterbalance to the destructive consequences of unrestrained self-interest.Therefore, it is crucial to recognize that while Bismarck's quote serves as a reminder of the immense power of the struggle for existence, it should not be seen as an endorsement for abandoning the principles and obligations established through treaties. Instead, it calls for a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between power, survival, and the struggle for justice.In conclusion, Bismarck's quote encapsulates the harsh realities of international relations, shedding light on the enduring struggle for existence that nations face. While treaties provide a foundation for cooperation and peaceful resolution of conflicts, they are not immune to the imperatives of survival. However, it is essential to strike a delicate balance between the pursuit of national interests and the principles of justice and cooperation. By acknowledging this tension, nations can navigate the intricate landscape of international relations with a profound understanding of the precarious equilibrium that exists between survival and the sanctity of agreements.