Mikhail Bakunin: 'Idealism is the despot of thought, just as politics is the despot of will.'

Idealism is the despot of thought, just as politics is the despot of will.

Mikhail Bakunin, a prominent Russian philosopher and revolutionary, once claimed that "Idealism is the despot of thought, just as politics is the despot of will." At first glance, this quote may seem perplexing, but when dissected, it unveils a profound truth about the human experience. Bakunin suggests that both idealism and politics have the power to rule over our minds and actions, restricting our freedom and autonomy.To grasp the essence of this quote, let's first examine the meaning of "idealism." In its simplest form, idealism refers to the belief that ideas and concepts possess a more substantial reality than the material world. Idealists prioritize thought and interpretation over tangible experiences, often seeking higher truths, moral absolutes, and universal principles. Bakunin contends that while idealism can inspire and bring forth imaginative ideas, it can also become tyrannical in its influence on our thinking.Drawing a parallel, Bakunin likens politics to the despot of will. Politics, as a discipline, concerns itself with the exercise and distribution of power in society. It is the art of governance and decision-making, often accountable for shaping the destiny of nations and individuals alike. Politics, like an autocrat ruling over our wills, can manipulate and direct humanity towards desired ends, sometimes at the expense of personal autonomy and individual expression.In Bakunin's view, both idealism and politics possess a despotic nature, exerting control over our thoughts and wills, respectively. They push us towards conformity, shaping our beliefs and behavior in ways that align with their inherent biases and agendas. The question then arises, how do we liberate ourselves from the clutches of these despots?Enter the unexpected philosophical concept: existentialism. Unlike idealism or politics, existentialism proposes a different approach to understanding human existence. It emphasizes the individual's freedom and responsibility to create meaning and shape their own lives, independent of external influences. Existentialists argue that humans are thrust into a world devoid of inherent meaning and must navigate their way by embracing authenticity, personal choice, and individuality.This contrast between existentialism and the despotism of idealism and politics becomes apparent when we consider their impact on personal freedom. Idealism often imposes preconceived notions and rigid beliefs onto individuals, stifling their capacity for critical thinking and exploration. Politics, likewise, tends to coerce actions and decisions that align with the interests of those in power, hindering personal agency.Existentialism, on the other hand, encourages individuals to question norms, challenge conventions, and create their own purpose. By promoting self-awareness and introspection, existentialism invites people to examine their values, desires, and beliefs, empowering them to carve their own paths and defy the despotic influences of idealism and politics.In conclusion, Bakunin's quote serves as a powerful reminder of the potential dangers posed by idealism and politics. While idealism can inspire lofty ideas, it can also become an oppressive force, limiting our freedom of thought. Similarly, politics, though necessary for societal order, can wield control over our wills and inhibits personal autonomy. By introducing the philosophical concept of existentialism, we find an alternative path to emancipation – one that encourages self-expression, personal choice, and the pursuit of authenticity. Through existentialism, we can break free from the despotism imposed by idealism and politics, reclaiming our individuality and shaping our own destinies.