Adam Smith: 'Virtue is more to be feared than vice, because its excesses are not subject to the regulation of conscience.'

Virtue is more to be feared than vice, because its excesses are not subject to the regulation of conscience.

In his notable work, "The Theory of Moral Sentiments," Adam Smith presents us with a thought-provoking quote: "Virtue is more to be feared than vice, because its excesses are not subject to the regulation of conscience." At first glance, this statement might strike us as counterintuitive, challenging our conventional beliefs about the inherent goodness of virtue. However, when delving deeper into its meaning, we can unravel a complex evaluation of human behavior and the intricate workings of the human psyche.This quote conveys the idea that while vice may evoke a sense of apprehension and disapproval due to its inherent negative connotations, it is virtue, paradoxically, that is more worthy of our concern. Unlike vice, which is often governed by societal norms and individual conscience, virtue, in its extreme form, lacks the necessary checks and balances to prevent its excesses. Smith implies that the embodiment of virtue can potentially lead to detrimental consequences when taken to the extreme.Lending an unexpected philosophical concept to our exploration, let us introduce Aristotle's doctrine of the golden mean. According to Aristotle, virtue lies in finding a balance between extremes, avoiding excesses on either side. Applying this concept to Smith's quote, we can find harmony and stability in exercising moderation, rather than advocating for extreme virtuous behavior. This perspective reveals that both vice and excessive virtue can be detrimental to society and the individual.In examining the effects of vice, it becomes evident that it often evokes a stronger response from the collective conscience of society. The commission of immoral acts has long been stigmatized due to their potential harm to others. Society recognizes vice as reprehensible, and individuals generally possess an intrinsic sense of guilt or remorse when engaging in such behavior. As Smith argues, the self-regulatory mechanism of conscience provides a level of restraint when it comes to excesses of vice.On the other hand, virtue is often praised and celebrated in society, implying that its practice is inherently desirable and commendable. However, when pursued in extreme measures, virtue can become a cause of concern. An excessive adherence to virtuous behavior can result in a skewed perception of reality, leading to a lack of empathy or understanding for those who do not meet the strict standards of perfection set by the virtuous individual. Without the regulating force of conscience, these extreme displays of virtue can manifest in harmful judgments and actions towards others.Furthermore, the quote raises questions about the nature of virtue itself. It challenges us to reflect on the fine line between genuine morality rooted in empathy and compassion and moralistic behavior, which can be driven by self-righteousness and a need for validation. Smith's assertion suggests that the excesses of virtue, driven by an unchecked sense of righteousness, may be even more alarming than acts of vice.In conclusion, Adam Smith's quote, "Virtue is more to be feared than vice because its excesses are not subject to the regulation of conscience," serves as an invitation to explore the complexities of human behavior and the potential dangers of extreme virtuousness. By contrasting virtue with vice, we recognize that both can lead to detrimental consequences when taken to the extreme. Moreover, incorporating Aristotle's concept of the golden mean further underscores the importance of moderation in our pursuit of virtue. Ultimately, it is not merely the presence of virtue or vice within us that warrants scrutiny; rather, it is the understanding and application of these traits in a balanced and conscientious manner that shapes our true moral character.